For ease of ⦠⢠Swollen face and neck, sore throat and hearing loss are suggestive of Lassa fever. Secondary person-to-person transmission can occur through exposure to infected personsâ blood or bodily secretion of infected cases (dead or alive). The word âendemicâ has become one of the most misused of the pandemic. The Lassa fever outbreaks have occurred in Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea, Togo, Benin, Ghana, and Sierra Leone. However, the main target of Ebola virus and Lassa virus is the endothelium, and host immunity towards these two types of viral infection varies. transmission of pathogens from animals to humans, and 'stuttering transmission', i.e. Lassa fever is an acute and sometimes severe viral hemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae. Transmission-based precautions are also used in the event of an outbreak (e.g. People can get EVD through direct contact with an infected animal (bat or nonhuman primate) or a sick or dead person infected with Ebola virus. Lassa fever virus is carried by rodents and transmitted by excreta, either as aerosols or by direct contact. â¢The Lassa virus is transmitted to humans mainly through food or household items contaminated by infected ratsâ urine and faeces and by handling infected rats. The chapter also includes sections on important retroviruses, HIV, and human T-lymphotropic virus. âDevelopment of [a] Lassa fever vaccine [is also important]â, he suggests. Clinical features The symptomatology of Lassa fever is quite nonspecific, especially early in the disease, and Eighty three point 3 percent (83.3%) knew that Lassa fever is treatable. practices, that transmission of Lassa virus was minimal8,9. We conducted the investigation to identify the ⦠[6] Case definition of suspected Lassa fever consists of known exposure to a person who has had ⦠The government is engaging the people and opinion leaders in the community on the signs and symptoms of Lassa fever. The host transmits the virus through contaminated food substances taken by humans. In this article, we report an analysis of the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the LF outbreak that occurred in Nigeria during January 1âMay 6, 2018. The modes of transmission of the infection to human beings exist in different forms. (Table 2a) The rodents shed the virus in urine and droppings and direct contact ⦠The virus is endemic in parts of West Africa, where an estimated 300,000â500,000 cases and 5000 related deaths occur yearly [].Lassa virus is also on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's list of category A Select Agents. Lassa Virus: A Zoonotic Diseas e . DEFINITION Lassa fever or Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus and first described in 1969 in the town of Lassa, in Borno State, Nigeria. Measures include the commanderâs authority to enforce restriction of movement (ROM), social distancing, and administration of prophylaxis treatment. However, due to the rarity of Lassa fever, no cases of sexually transmitted disease have been reported so far. After that, the virus spreads from person to person, potentially affecting a large number of people. This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to summarize RNA viruses that are significant causes of disease in the tropics and subtropics. The following is obtained from the model descriptions: where subject to the initial conditions We discuss in details the basic properties of the periodically forced Lassa-fever model which entails its basic mathematical analysis in the next section.Suppose denotes the average, given that and we assume . Zika virus usually invades the cerebrum and can pass through the bloodâtestis barrier. Most of the participants knew correctly that Lassa fever can affect all age groups 91.7%, can cause death 92.3%, is a communicable disease 93.8% and transmitted by rats 96.6%. Ipadeola, O. et al. involvement in some patients with Lassa fever favours the hypothesis of this mode of transmission. In this post, we take a look at Lassa fever in Nigeria, its outbreaks and preventive solutions. LASSA VIRUS Structure Arenaviridae family spherical Lipid membrane single-stranded RNA. â¢The Lassa virus is transmitted to humans mainly through food or household items contaminated by infected ratsâ urine and faeces and by handling infected rats. Lassa fever Situation Report, 12 April 2020. the lungs, bleeding from the mouth, nose, vagina, and Mode of Transmission alimentary canal. It has been known since the 1950s, but the virus was not identified until 1969, when two missionary nurses died from it in the town of Lassa in Nigeria. Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus. several organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys. Two people in England have been diagnosed with Lassa fever, and a third "probable" case is under investigation, the UK Health Security Agency has said. It is an endemic disease in the West African sub-region (Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia) where about 3-5 million individuals are infected yearly. Causes Lassa fever The Social and Mobilisation Unit of the LGA is also working to do community mobilisation to educate people on how Lassa fever is transmitted to nip the disease in the bud. Lassa fever is an acute, viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa fever virus (LASV), an enveloped RNA virus of the Arenaviridae. Health workers may be infected by direct contact with blood, body fluids, urine, or stool of a patient with Lassa fever. It was shown that the model is epidemiologically meaningful ⦠Epidemiology and case-control study of Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria from 2018 to 2019. Lassa fever Disease â¢Lassa fever is viral illness that occurs in West Africa. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into a more severe dengue ⦠Epidemiology of Lassa Fever â¢Incubation period: 6-21 days â¢Period of communicability : Person to person spread occur during the acute febrile phase when virus is present in the throat â¢Virus may be excreted in urine of patients for 3-9 weeks from Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Diphtheria is a life-threatening, vaccine-preventable disease caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium bacterial species that continues to cause substantial disease and death worldwide, particularly in vulnerable populations. fever case management can contribute to our joint efforts, to reduce the transmission and mortality of Lassa fever in Nigeria. Lassa fever is commonly found in rural communities, where the over 70% of the population resides (Kelly et al., 2003). Endemic hotspots within these countries have had recurrent exposure to Lassa virus (LASV) via continual spillov ⦠There was no evidence of onward transmission from any of these cases, according to the UKHSA. when limited human-to-human infections occur, leading to self-limiting chains of transmission. This is called a spillover event. Transmission of Lassa virus to humans normally occurs through It is possible that though the respondents were aware that it is a vector for The findings of this study shows that there is a the transmission of Lassa fever they might find low level of awareness and knowledge of it difficult to stop the consumption because it Lassa fever among the studied population and is considered as a cheap source of meat. Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by an RNA virus of the arenavirus family. Progression of the disease Team and structure Joint project with Transmission of Typhoid Fever Reading time: 1 min Typhoid fever is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, through ingestion of contaminated food or water. In most parts of the world, _____ intercourse is the primary mode of transmission for HIV, with rates increasing dramatically in adolescent and young adult _____ populations. Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by rodents infected with Lassa fever virus. The user selects a transmission mode-appropriate biofeedback preset from the Presets tab, then selects the desired generator and starts the scan running from the Control tab. fever that is caused by the Lassa virus, which is an enveloped RNA virus from the Arenavirus family of viruses [1,2]. transmission of pathogens from animals to humans, and 'stuttering transmission', i.e. (HPCON) that define appropriate measures to take based on the diseaseâs mode of transmission; as well as responses commanders may take based on the scope and severity of the situation. The virus spreads through direct contact (such as through broken skin or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, or mouth) with: Ebola Exposure Calculator A total of 15 (53.4%) and 16 (57.1%) of persons aware of Lassa fever had no idea of any vehicle of transmission and mode of prevention of the disease, respectively. This constant interaction and spillover events in these areas have maintained transmission and allowed the disease to be endemic. (NCDC, 2020). Introduction. Person-to- person transmission can also occur, particularly in a hospital environment with inadequate infection control measures. 3. Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a bisegmented ambisense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family old world Arenaviridisae spp. 10. The confirmed and suspected cases of Lassa fever virus has spiraled over ⦠Appropriate epidemiological investigation of the infection mode of In this work, a periodically-forced seasonal non-autonomous system of a non-linear ordinary differential equation is developed that captures the dynamics of Lassa fever transmission and seasonal variation in the birth of mastomys rodents where time was measured in days to capture seasonality. Housing conditions have been revealed to be important sites for primary transmission. 1 Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease, primarily transmitted via exposure to feces, urine, or other bodily fluids of the reservoir host, Mastomys natalensis (a multimammate rat). gastroenteritis), to assist in containing the outbreak and preventing further infection. Lassa fever disease causative agents, mode of transmission and prevention as well as actions on response to Lassa virus infections were assessed among respondents. Incubation: Period 1 to 3 weeks for Spirillary Fever; 3 to 10 days, rarely longer, for Streptobacillary Fever, following a history of a rat or mouse bite, which has normally healed. Lassa virus is typically transmitted by the urine or feces of Mastomys rats to humans. Also, the mode of transmission of both diseases is different. Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Direct transmission refers to the transfer of the virus by direct contact or droplet spread. Clinical features The symptomatology of Lassa fever is quite nonspecific, especially early in the disease, and heterosexual; female ... Dengue fever, Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa fever to test your understanding of hemorrhagic fever diseases. socio-demographic variables and information on Lassa fever. Elles sont la plupart du temps bénignes voire passent inaperçues, mais elles sont toutes potentiellement graves, avec pour certaines des taux de mortalité importants. Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Lassa fever being endemic in parts of West Africa, is affecting about 100,000 to 300,000 people ever y year in this regions10,11. The UK has experience of managing cases of high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) and in recent years has managed confirmed cases of Lassa fever, Ebola, MERS and monkeypox. Rodents may excrete virus in their urine and saliva and thus contaminate air, food, or drinking-water. 6 Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra ... 'spillover', i.e. â¢The reservoir of the Lassa virus is a rodent of the genus Mastomys known as âmultimammate ratâ. Lassa antibody and antigen were found in 96 (11%) and 46 (5%), respectively, of 884 tested Mastomys (Demby et al., 2001). Which of the following do you suspect? Lassa fever Situation Report, 12 April 2020. March 3 rd, 2020 â In 2016 and 2018, NOIPolls in partnership with EpiAFRIC conducted an opinion poll to seek the perceptions of Nigerians regarding the awareness of, mode of transmission of, symptoms of and awareness on possible preventive measures for Lassa ⦠Cases have been imported to the US, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. from publication: Demanding of Lassa Fever: Reducing its Risk as an Infectious Disease | ⦠In about 15% of people, within a day of improving the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin. The two modes are natural reservoir and vectors. Lassa Fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus. One hundred and nine (57.1%) of the respondents knew that a virus caused Lassa fever, 171 (89.5%) knew that rats were involved in the transmission of Lassa fever while 109 (57.1%) correctly mentioned at least three symptoms of Lassa fever. Slide 3 The infectious disease process, also known as the chain of infection, consists of six components: the causative agent, the reservoir, the portal of exit, the mode of transmission, the portal of entry, and the susceptible host.
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